Graduation Speech: Its Our Turn :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

After 18 long years of waiting, it is finally our unloose. After 13 years of schooling, some difficult, some not, it is finally our turn. After this last, torturously long year of waiting, hoping, dreaming, it is finally our turn. This sidereal mean solar day has been in the back of our minds since our first day of kindergarten, all those years ago. This year, amidst bouts of senioritis, today was all we could think about, that final day when it would finally be our turn to graduate. However, it is not only our turn to graduate, but also our turn to assume full responsibility for the direction our lives will take. From this day forward, our lives are our own. We will now make decisions about our futures. For some of us, that decision will take us to college, possibly a two or quartet year degree. Some of us may even go further. For others, it will be work, setting out to make a living for themselves, perhaps attending college later on, perhaps not. Some will join the military, shipping out to a far off and exotic location, or maybe even refutal on the homefront. Some will even take a year or two off for travel, or to stay at home and relax. No matter what choice you make, it is important to remember that it is our time to make these decisions. For these things, its our turn. Our turn to play in the sandbox is over. No more playing tag in the park or with GI Joes. No more showing off the latest outfit on your Barbie or your newfound skill at equitation a two-wheeled bike for the first time. We have learned our ABCs and 123s, said goodbye to Mr. Rogers and Sesame Street. Most of us no longer tick off Saturday morning cartoons and we havent had recess in seven years. Our turn for these things is at an end. Now it is our turn to complete our education and begin our careers, wherever they may take us. It is our turn to become our own person in society, to make a difference in this world, to begin our new lives, and to succeed. Ladies and gentlemen, it is fin ally our turn.

Urban Vs. Rural Education :: essays research papers

After reading Hallway Hangers, a sense of the complex relationship between poverty and education is gained it a dualistic one. In some views, education is a means out of poverty, yet those who grow up poor often have different opportunities, hopes, and experiences in their school years. During my time thus far at Colgate, I have participated and watched many sporting events on campus, and found that local families attend and cheer with as much enthusiasm as the students. Similarly, on National Athletes appreciation Day last year the Student Athletic Advisory Committee (SAAC) ran a political platform at both the elementary and high schools in Hamilton, providing question and answer periods for the students and giving them skills clinics. The tremendous respect that I felt that the students gave me was overwhelming, not because I was exclusively an athlete, but because I attended Colgate University. While observing the sporting events and the community outreach programs I realized t hen that Colgate is a virtual mecca for this area. So a fork-like standard is evident the presence of a relatively prestigious college is no doubt an inspiration to local students but the reality of the matter is - how many of these youths could, and would, acquire a college diploma? And so for the research paper, my selected topic would explore the relationship between the rural poor and education. But more specifically, having read the Hallway Hangers, how do poor, rural youths differ in their educational goals and achievements than poor, urban youths? It is evident that rural poor are at a disadvantage educationally, socially, and economically compared to the urban poor. countrified youths chances of employment (whether in agriculture or in other areas), are weaker than their urban counterparts. The paper would set out to provide hard facts exploring this contrast, and the reasons and trends behind it. As I started out researching for the paper, I realized that most importantl y, data would need to be collected comparing the educational opportunities and achievement of the rural youth and those of urban youth. For instance, high school grades and SAT scores could be compared, as well as college applications and attendance. Beyond this, the actual school systems of rural and urban areas would be compared - the differences in funding, ideology, resources, etc., would grant insight into the students experiences and goals there.The collection of scholarly essays, Rural Education and Training in the New Economy the Myth of the Rural Skills Gap, was the single most profitable and relevant resource I came upon.

Othello: the Abnormal Essay -- Othello essays

Othello the AbnormalFive Works Cited William Shakespeares tragic drama Othello presents to the audience a in truth abnormal character in the person of Iago. Also can one classify the epileptic gaining control of Othello as normal? Let us in this essay consider the abnormal in the gaming. The abnormal behavior of the ancient is partly rooted in his misogynism. In Historical difference of opinions Misogyny and Othello Valerie Wayne implicates Iago in sexism. He is one who is almost incapable of any other perspective on women than a sexist one Iagos worry that he cannot do what Desdemona asks implies that his disparagement of women was candid and easily produced, while the praise requires labour and inspiration from a source beyond himself. His insufficiency is more surprising because elsewhere in the play Iago appears as a master rhetorician, but as Bloch explains, the misogynistic writer uses rhetoric as a means of renouncing it, and, by extension, woman. (163) And how about epilep sy? In Act 4 the evil Iago works up Othello into a frenzy regarding the missing kerchief. The resultant illogical, senseless raving by the general is a prelude to an epileptic seizure or entranced state Lie with her? lie on her? We say lie on her when they belie her. Lie with her Zounds, thats fulsome. Handkerchief confessions handkerchief To confess, and be hanged for his labor first to be hanged, and then to confess I tremble at it. . . . (4.1) Cassio enters right after the general has pearlen into the epileptic trance. Iago explains to him IAGO. My lord is falln into an epilepsy. This is his second fit he had one yesterday. CASSIO. Rub him about the temples. IAGO. No, forbear. The lethargy must have his quie... ...l find Iago peeping out from many of its pages. Still more, Iagos pattern will be found appearing occasionally in bold print in books on abnormal psychology. (89-90) WORKS CITED Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare Four Tragedies. New York trivial Boo ks, 1980. Campbell, Lily B. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes. New York Barnes and Noble, Inc., 1970. Coles, Blanche. Shakespeares Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire Richard Smith Publisher, 1957. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. Historical Differences Misogyny and Othello. The Matter of Difference Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press, 1991.

Philosophers in the World :: Philosophy Philosophers Paperes

Philosophers in the WorldPhilosophers are often thought of as hopelessly infelicitous in the real world, the theoretical counterparts of the 90-pound weakling on the beach of the material world. Nothing could be more mis maneuvern.As mentioned, Alexander the Great studied with Aristotle and thusly went on to conquer the world (well, the parts of the world the Greeks knew). Coincidence? Perhaps, but the extent to which other ancient figures were influenced by philosophy is far less ambiguous. To take the most obvious example, Socrates was committed to a conduct of social criticism and public debate, so much so that he was tried and executed by Athenian officials who felt threatened by his influence over the young. Consider also the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius (the guy Richard Harris played in the movie Gladiator). As a young man, Aurelius was so motivated by his love of truth (the Emperor Hadrian nicknamed him Verissimus) that he turned from studying rhetoric to philosophy. Conscientious to his subjects and magnanimous to his enemies, Aurelius change off personal items rather than raise taxes to fund the imperial expansion into Eastern Europe. Despite his dislike of violence (he made gladiators fight with blunt tips), Aurelius exit much of his reign on the battlefield fighting German tribes on the Danube front The Meditations was written down as notes, sometimes in military summer camp at the end of a weary and bloody day. Like many other ancients, Aurelius took the philosophical life to be one lived in the world match to philosophical principles and values, drawing on Epictetus admonition Eat like a man, drink like a man, get dressed, get married, have children, lead the life of a citizen Show us all this, so that we can see whether or not you have really learned something from the philosophers. (Discourses III, 21, 5)One important thinker who exemplified Epictetus ideal was John Locke. Bored with the scholastic curriculum during his studie s at Christ Church, Oxford, he spent much of his time as an undergraduate reading cut literature. After receiving his B.A. in 1656, Locke plunged into the study of medicine and chemistry, later supervising a surgery to drain an abscess on Lord Ashleys liver (the operation likely saved Ashleys life). Locke saw his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the locus classicus for modern empiricist philosophy, as providing part of the conceptual framework for the new scientific advances of Boyle, Huygens, and the incomparable Mr.

Internet - Disclosure of Personal Information On-line and Identity Thef

revelation of Personal Information On-line and the Occurrence of Identity TheftIntroduction Identification is a critical and commonality touch on which we encounter on a regular basis as we carry out our daily activities. Companies, government agencies and institutions routinely ask individuals for personal information in order to help notice a specific individual from another. In the past, people have relied upon face-to-face exchange of information and indistinguishability verification only with the recent explosion of the lucre this system has become relatively obsolete. Personal information that had previously been stored in file cabinets in check locations is now comfortably collected and stored on databases. Does this debased and efficient system violate the security of our personal information? Is our personal information and basic identifying data truly secure on the net? Irwin Winklers movie The Net illustrates the type of problems that can a rise if an individuals personal information falls into the wrong hands. Winklers main character, Angela Bennett, played by Sandra Bullock, fell victim to identity theft as her personal information and key identify data were stolen and used in order to exchange her identity with another.1 Although the plot of the movie seems a little far-fetched, identity theft by means of the Internet is a serious and common problem that occurs frequently in real life. How do we identify ourselves on the Internet? In the virtual realm of the Internet physical means for appellation verification are relatively non-existent since it requires specific technology, such as biometrics, which is not widely used. Instead the most common methods for identity verif... ... lives an open book mediocre waiting to be read. In order to prevent identity theft on-line we must take into account that Internet companies and the Internet, itself, play just as an important role in identity theft on-line as hackers and thieves. References1. Winkler, I. (1995), The Net.2. Noack, D. (2000), Identity Theft Thrives in Cyberspace, http//www.apbnews.com/newscenter/internetcrime/2000/03/08/idtheft0308.01html3. Marlin, A. (2000), Online Identity Theft a Growing Concern, http//www.europe.cnn.com/2000/tech/computing/08/16/id.theft.offline.idg/4. Barlow, J. (2000), Privacy On-line A Shattered Illusion, http//wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/ryan.html5. Chaum, D. (1996), Achieving Electronic Privacy, in High twelve noon on the Electronic edge Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace, edited by Peter Ludlow, pp.224-225. Internet - Disclosure of Personal Information On-line and Identity ThefDisclosure of Personal Information On-line and the Occurrence of Identity TheftIntroduction Identification is a critical and common process which we encounter on a regular basis as we carry out our daily activities. Companies, government agencies and institutions routinely ask indiv iduals for personal information in order to help identify a specific individual from another. In the past, people have relied upon face-to-face exchange of information and identity verification but with the recent explosion of the Internet this system has become relatively obsolete. Personal information that had previously been stored in file cabinets in secure locations is now easily collected and stored on databases. Does this fast and efficient system violate the security of our personal information? Is our personal information and basic identifying data truly secure on the net? Irwin Winklers movie The Net illustrates the type of problems that can arise if an individuals personal information falls into the wrong hands. Winklers main character, Angela Bennett, played by Sandra Bullock, fell victim to identity theft as her personal information and key identify data were stolen and used in order to exchange her identity with another.1 Although the plot of the movie seem s a little far-fetched, identity theft by means of the Internet is a serious and common problem that occurs frequently in real life. How do we identify ourselves on the Internet? In the virtual realm of the Internet physical means for identification verification are relatively non-existent since it requires specific technology, such as biometrics, which is not widely used. Instead the most common methods for identity verif... ... lives an open book just waiting to be read. In order to prevent identity theft on-line we must take into account that Internet companies and the Internet, itself, play just as an important role in identity theft on-line as hackers and thieves. References1. Winkler, I. (1995), The Net.2. Noack, D. (2000), Identity Theft Thrives in Cyberspace, http//www.apbnews.com/newscenter/internetcrime/2000/03/08/idtheft0308.01html3. Marlin, A. (2000), Online Identity Theft a Growing Concern, http//www.europe.cnn.com/2000/tech/computing/08/16/id.theft.of fline.idg/4. Barlow, J. (2000), Privacy On-line A Shattered Illusion, http//wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/ryan.html5. Chaum, D. (1996), Achieving Electronic Privacy, in High Noon on the Electronic Frontier Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace, edited by Peter Ludlow, pp.224-225.

Internet - Disclosure of Personal Information On-line and Identity Thef

Disclosure of Personal Information On-line and the Occurrence of individuality TheftIntroduction naming is a critical and super C process which we encounter on a regular basis as we carry step up our daily activities. Companies, government agencies and institutions routinely ask individuals for in the flesh(predicate) learning in order to help identify a specific individual from another. In the past, multitude have relied upon face-to-face alter of info and personal identity verification but with the recent explosion of the earnings this system has become relatively obsolete. Personal information that had previously been stored in burden cabinets in secure locations is now easily collected and stored on databases. Does this fast and efficient system violate the security of our personal information? Is our personal information and basic identifying data truly secure on the net? Irwin Winklers movie The realize illustrates the type of problems that c an heighten if an individuals personal information falls into the wrong hands. Winklers main character, Angela Bennett, played by Sandra Bullock, fell victim to identity theft as her personal information and blusher identify data were stolen and used in order to exchange her identity with another.1 Although the plot of the movie seems a little far-fetched, identity theft by agency of the Internet is a serious and common problem that occurs frequently in real life. How do we identify ourselves on the Internet? In the virtual soil of the Internet physical means for identification verification are relatively non-existent since it requires specific technology, such as biometrics, which is not wide used. Instead the most common methods for identity verif... ... lives an open book just waiting to be read. In order to prevent identity theft on-line(a) we must take into report that Internet companies and the Internet, itself, play just as an important role in identity the ft on-line as hackers and thieves. References1. Winkler, I. (1995), The Net.2. Noack, D. (2000), Identity Theft Thrives in Cyberspace, http//www.apbnews.com/newscenter/internetcrime/2000/03/08/idtheft0308.01html3. Marlin, A. (2000), Online Identity Theft a Growing Concern, http//www.europe.cnn.com/2000/tech/computing/08/16/id.theft.offline.idg/4. Barlow, J. (2000), Privacy On-line A Shattered Illusion, http//wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/ryan.html5. Chaum, D. (1996), Achieving electronic Privacy, in High Noon on the Electronic Frontier Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace, edited by quill Ludlow, pp.224-225. Internet - Disclosure of Personal Information On-line and Identity ThefDisclosure of Personal Information On-line and the Occurrence of Identity TheftIntroduction Identification is a critical and common process which we encounter on a regular basis as we carry out our daily activities. Companies, government agencies and institutions routinely ask individuals for personal information in order to help identify a specific individual from another. In the past, people have relied upon face-to-face exchange of information and identity verification but with the recent explosion of the Internet this system has become relatively obsolete. Personal information that had previously been stored in file cabinets in secure locations is now easily collected and stored on databases. Does this fast and efficient system violate the security of our personal information? Is our personal information and basic identifying data truly secure on the net? Irwin Winklers movie The Net illustrates the type of problems that can arise if an individuals personal information falls into the wrong hands. Winklers main character, Angela Bennett, played by Sandra Bullock, fell victim to identity theft as her personal information and key identify data were stolen and used in order to exchange her identity with another.1 Although the plot of the movie seems a little far-fetched, identity theft by means of the Internet is a serious and common problem that occurs frequently in real life. How do we identify ourselves on the Internet? In the virtual realm of the Internet physical means for identification verification are relatively non-existent since it requires specific technology, such as biometrics, which is not widely used. Instead the most common methods for identity verif... ... lives an open book just waiting to be read. In order to prevent identity theft on-line we must take into account that Internet companies and the Internet, itself, play just as an important role in identity theft on-line as hackers and thieves. References1. Winkler, I. (1995), The Net.2. Noack, D. (2000), Identity Theft Thrives in Cyberspace, http//www.apbnews.com/newscenter/internetcrime/2000/03/08/idtheft0308.01html3. Marlin, A. (2000), Online Identity Theft a Growing Concern, http//www.europe.cnn.com/2000/tech/computing/08/16/i d.theft.offline.idg/4. Barlow, J. (2000), Privacy On-line A Shattered Illusion, http//wings.buffalo.edu/Complaw/CompLawPapers/ryan.html5. Chaum, D. (1996), Achieving Electronic Privacy, in High Noon on the Electronic Frontier Conceptual Issues in Cyberspace, edited by Peter Ludlow, pp.224-225.

Pakistan-Vietnam Comparison Essay

Introduction Vietnam and Pakistan are two different nations displaying a broad spectrum of heathenish values that these nations observe in their politics, economics, social and environmental domains. My study gave me an opportunity to learn about cultural comparisons between the two countries on a large level which involve not only melodic phrases but incredible similarities and eventually how these 2 different societies have come out in past 50 years merely callable to their cultures, behaviours and actions taken.Culture is one of the key Performance Indicator that builds up a country and displays the frame of mind of the respective nation. The colonial Occupation & Cold War Era Pakistan and Vietnam share a similar background of colonial occupation. Pakistan appeared on the map of the world in 1947 after a long struggle against the British Occupation and then as a result of Sub-continent partition. The British had left behind a system which was later embraced by both Pakistan a nd India especially in the area of politics and education.As elaborated by (Marilyn. B. Young,2002), Vietnam was once a French Colony from 1861 till 1954. In contrast to Pakistan, The French colonial system had less impact on the Vietnamese society since before the French, Vietnam had been under strong influence of China therefore the Vietnamese culture has deep connections with the Chinese culture. Even during French occupation, China continued to have influences and links in Northern Vietnam. It was not surprising that Vietnam later emerged as a communist bow. (Marilyn. B.Young,2002) explains Vietnam War as one of the most prominent cold war that started in 1963 when Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated in South Vietnam and content Liberation Front (NLF) started to operate in that region. NLF was strongly supported by North Vietnam establishment. This movement sparked the attention of the United States and then began the infamous involvement of the US army that resulted in 2 million V ietnamese causalities. During this phase Vietnam was in complete disorder and civil unrest was observed in the most direful form.The war left the nation with horrifying memories and shattered economy. Pakistan though has not faced Cold War directly like Vietnam but it had a major(ip) impact on its society due to the Afghanistan Cold War which erupted as a result of Russian assault. Millions of Afghan Refugees flocked to Pakistan for shelter along with some unwanted elements that infiltrated which brought drugs and weapons into the country. By the end of Cold War and Taliban taking over Afghanistan, Pakistani nation was left with bigger challenges to face, both political and economic in nature.most of the Afghan Refugees didnt leave but they contributed in countrys economy by establishing businesses in the textile & transportation industry. In Pakistan around 1. 5 million Afghanis are living adding diversity in Pakistans cultural scene. It is very interesting to see how involvement of other nations like stated preceding(prenominal) can impact a countrys various cultural domains which we will discuss in following topics 1) governing 2) Economy, and 3) Other Cultural Aspects. Politics One of the elements that Pakistan adopted from British colonial was the Parliamentarian system.The system however is extremely mutated where power is concentrated at the Federal level and is centralized. Provisional autonomy is curt when it comes to distribution of wealth & natural resources with no accountability. The power distance has created an imbalance in the society and among the provinces which has given rise to biased approach by the large number to support and elect parties that speak their talking to and choke to their provinces with a belief that if they elect politicians in the Federal government from their own region, they will get the due attention to the problems in their area.This has given rise to multiple regional political parties. The Politicians exploit the regional associations of the people who are divided based on heathen background and language. All parties in Pakistan belong to elite families which continue to elect their own family members within the party without consultation with rest of the party members. broad(prenominal) collectivism is observed among the elite and the ruling groups to support common interests. The society shows high individualism by mostly supporting individuals of the political parties based on their regional or language affiliations.In contrast, the society shows high collectivism on religious matters and other national issues like Kashmir whereby society unites for the cause irrespective of race, language or ethnicity. The Political System failed miserably due to frequent intervention of the Military and mainly due to the feudalistic attitudes of the politicians and government. On top of this bureaucracy is working(a) for the welfare of the elite rather than the people of Pakistan. There is a cul ture to suppress the under-paid subordinate to get work done by fair or unfair means. This has given rise to corruption throughout the Government & Institutions.Consultation is a far cry when it comes to making decisions on any level. (Wikipedia, 2009) explains Vietnams presidency Model which is centralised but is based on a single-party constitution over 58 provinces. The single party is the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) clearly the Chinese influence has seeped into the Vietnamese Political structure as well. Non party independent candidates are allowed to contest elections. But CPV holds absolute power, an authoritarian regime (Tuong-Vu, 2009) argues, on state level which controls the workings of parliamentary, executive and judicial domains.The party agenda is established by the Politburo which is a 14 member party policy making committee. The President, peak Minister and General Secretary are members of the Politburo. In contrast to Pakistan, President holds more power as c ompared to the Prime Minister. For example, in Pakistan the PM has the power to allot the Army Chief while in Vietnam this decision lies with the President, the Pakistan National Assembly consist of members from multiple parties while majority in Vietnam National Assembly members belong to the CPV etc.In another contrast, there is no visibility of actual opposition party in the Vietnam which has curbed accountability of the ruling party & government officials augmenting corruption. High Collectivism of the CPV is seen in running the countrys political, judicial and economic streams. Same is observed in Pakistans government framework. A great overconfident advancement and signs of individualism for Pakistan in past few years is the independent media and up-rise of the civil society for an independent Judiciary. The media is getting stronger and freedom of speech is on the rise.

Future Me

How I see myself in 2012 is what I believe we any indigence a happy and uncomplicated, A flavor where the economic, social, and health problems do not shake off place. I see myself see myself as the most successful person the world has seen. I will rich person graduated college, majoring in mechanical engineering in cu Denver. In CU I will meet a beautiful woman that expert became a doctor. After being married for a few years we will have two kids. I want to have the perfect house, uncomplete too big nor too small, with a pool and a very large yard where I can play soccer with my kids or have a cookout with family and friends.I also going to have a decent size pond behind the house where we could fish, swim and whatever I know all of these life history successes will take a lot of time and effort. I hope my life is very different from what it is now, is not that I hate the life I have now but my parents taught me that they worked very hard to give me a better life than the on e they had and I want to give the homogeneous to my future family. By getting married and having a family I believe will bring comfort into my life.I believe it can bring a joy that no one can know unless they experience it for themselves. My job will be there for me to help support my family, financially but I want to be able to raise them in a good neighborhood. I want to make sure my own family is happy. It is beautiful to watch your children grow up before your eyes and this is what I want. I believe, as well as most people, that you are successful in life if you have raised a family. Im not sure of what my dream job would be but I know that it would be perfect.Being a Mechanical engineer agent that I would be working with the both thing I love more motor and math and any job that mixes both would be perfect. In 2012 I hope to have enough wisdom to not get carried away by envy or lust and only pursue happiness, exploit and those around me. My happiness in what I do is also a goal for me I my life. There is no way someone can engender successful if they are not happy with what they are doing with their life. It is clear that to be happy you dont need money or live in luxury you need only to be happy

Motivational Plan

There atomic number 18 five basic theories of motivation. 1) Self-determination scheme states that people hold in three basic take ins. 2) Attribution possible action wants to have it away wherefore things happen. 3) Expectancy-value theory is interested in a persons beliefs most abilities. 4) tender cognitive theory states that human behavior comes from their attributes. 5) Goal orientation theory wants to know the efforts for doing tasks. Self-Determination Theory The self-determination theory states that people have three basic needs. A need for autonomy, which is to feel a sense of self-directedness, the need to feel competent, and the need to be named to something.People be motivated with the things that go out sponsor meet these needs. People are motivated when their actions are self-determined. The more(prenominal) self-determined the motivation is, the more the person experience positive outcomes, including persisting in the activity (Lavigne, Vallerand & Miqu elon, 2007). People perceive they have choices available to them. This theory gives another reason for negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is when a savant really wants to learn something. Students will be motivated if they feel they relate to what is going on. They also will be motivated if they feel competent.If a student feels they are smart and can do a task successfully, they will be more motivated to get it done. If an individual has the three basic needs they will have self-determination. Attribution Theory Attribution theory wants to know why things happen. It might lead to negative feelings. It could cause someone to give up or try harder depending on the feeling. Attribution (explanatory) thinking involves an appraisal of factors contribute to success and failure outcomes and is regarded as instrumental to motivation and remnant striving in achievement settings (Perry, Stupnisky, Daniels & Haynes, 2008).Stability is if the event is constant across time and situations. A cause that is stable is failing a test because they are not smart. Intelligence is unchangeable so it is a stable attribution. A cause that is smooth is not doing well because the student was sick when they took a test. Locus is the cause is either internal of external. Locus that is internal is thinking you do not have the ability or skills to do well. Locus that is external is outside factors. These could be the instructor grades hard, the classroom environment like too noisy or interruptions, or anything that is outside the students ability.Control is the belief that a person can control events. If a student act upons a bad grade on something, they can make two attributions for this grade. They could possible feel they just are not capable of doing the work or understanding the work. They could also feel they did not put fore a lot of effort and therefore could have controlled the grade. If it is a controllability issue, then the student is likely to try and fix it. Teachers can help students with the attribution theory by helping with stability. They can encourage a student that they are intelligent and capable of doing the work assigned.They can also encourage a student which will help with internal locus. Expectancy-value theory Expectancy-value theory is interested in a persons belief about abilities and their value of a task. pauperism is determined by ones expectancies for success and ones value of the task. How a teacher teaches can influence a students beliefs and values. There are four components to this theory. Correspond to the students beliefs about how well they will perpetrate on upcoming tasks and relate to their perception of being able to hightail it out their academic projects successfully (Chouinard & Roy, 2008).An example is a student who thinks they are logical will value problem solving. The intrinsic value is how interesting a task is to a student. If they like what they are doing, they wi ll be motivated to finish it. The utility value is finding usefulness in a task. The student will be motivated if it will help their grade. The last component is cost. The cost value knows it will be worth their time to do it. commonly if a student knows the assignment is not going to be graded, they wont bother to do it. Student results come from teacher expectancies. If a teacher thinks the tudents will perform poorly and they treat them this way, then they will not do well. If a teacher has high expectations for the students and shows them this, they will do better. If teachers believe that received groups of students do not value educations, then they will have different expectations for them. Teachers also have different expectations based on culture areas and socioeconomic backgrounds. Social Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory states that most human emotion is the direct result of what people think, tell themselves, assume, or believe about themselves and their soc ial situations (Lantz, 1978).Students are motivated by what they see in other people. If they see that their older brother or sister cannot get anywhere in life because they dropped out, they will be less likely to drop out. They also are motivated if they have a belief they have the ability to perform a certain task. Teachers can influence their beliefs. Teachers can take a weak student and pair them with a strong student to motivate them by what they see in the strong student. Teachers can also motivate them by convincing them they have the ability to do a task. Goal orientation theory Goal orientation theory constitutes a substantial and informative body of knowledge concerning motivational processes in achievement settings and particularly in educational contexts (Kaplan & Maehr, 2007). The goal orientation theory wants to know the students reasons for doing academic tasks. There are two goals mastery goals and performance goals. Mastery goals are tasks that truly master the mat erial. Performance goals are tasks that demonstrate the ability. The theorists also look at approach and avoidance goals. Approach goals are positive motivation.Avoidance goals are negative motivation. Students with mastery goals are look to improve their competence. Mastery goals have been associated with increased effort. Mastery-focused classrooms are discussions that encourage all students to participate. Students who use mastery goals are often critical thinkers. Students who use performance goals are using cognitive skills. These are the five theories of motivation. They are used by educators everywhere. By understanding them, teachers can help encourage positive motivation and help the students achieve the best education possible.

Change over Time: Latin America

From 1450 to the present, religious beliefs and practices in Latin America changed in that Catholicism and a blend of moralitys began to be seen throughout Latin America, but continued in that animistic and nature religions still remained. Changes in Latin American religious ideologies argon easily seen from 1450 to the present day. A new religion entered their society. With the discovery of the new world in 1492 by Columbus, many more conquistadors and explorers would come to colonize and explore the new world.Also, a group of people called the Jesuits came to the new world. The banquet of Catholicism really began in the 1600s by the Jesuits who controlled much of Latin America at this time, and gave special privileges to those converted. As this was happening Catholicism was being diffused into the society of Latin Americans. However, because the people were so deeply rooted in Indian finale idol worship remained. A nonher change was that a blend of both Catholicism and animist ic religion was being formed in Latin America.For example, in modern day Mexico, even though they are Catholic, there are legends and stories that talk about El Tio, the God of the Mine, he is supposed to protect the miners from harm in the mine. Another example, is black magic which began to form in the Caribbean. Because Indians were so deeply rooted in their culture, blending of Catholicism and their culture within religion happened. There were also continuities in religion during this time.First, many animistic and nature religions still continued to play a major role in Latin American societies. The Latin American societies readily supported Catholicism, but held on to their traditional beliefs. One reason they held on to their beliefs was because it was all they had known for hundreds of years, and people who suffer done something for a very long time are not just going to go by up and change it, because it is part of their everyday life.Also, they did not see a need to giv e up their animistic beliefs no one was forcing them to give them up. There was only an advantage to joining the Catholic church, because the Jesuits would give you special access to missions, and the opportunity for learning. Similar processes to those seen here were also obvious in Sub-Saharan Africa, seeing as the Europeans colonized and explored there too. Christianity also spread to Sub-Saharan Africa and became a major belief system in both societies even over their animistic beliefs and polytheism.

Financial Accounting Standards Board Essay

Runway Discount (Runway), a privately held online retailer, has implemented a new customer referral marketing campaign. The campaign involves incentivizing current customers to refer their friends to Runways website. When a current customer refers someone who makes a purchase on Runways website, the referring customer receives a $25 credit to be utilize to a future purchase. Two important provisions should be highlighted regarding this Refer-a-Friend programThe $25 credit is contingent upon the existing customers referral actually do a purchase The $25 credit is applied to the referring customers future purchase at the time that the referred customer makes a purchaseThe subscriber line purpose of this Refer-a-Friend program is to increase sales and expand Runways customer base by providing incentives for current customers to refer their friends.The first accounting expose associated with Runway Discounts Refer-a-Friend program is identifying how the $25 referral credit should be recorded in Runways income statement. Is this consideration an adjustment of the selling prices of the traffickers products or services, and therefore characterized as a reduction of revenue, or is it a cost incurred by the vendor for assets and services received from the customer, and therefore characterized as a cost or expense? The next significant accounting issue is regarding when Runway should record the $25 referral credit as a indebtedness (a) at the time an existing customer receives the $25 referral credit, or (b) at the time the existing customer actually uses the $25referral credit to make a purchase?In the following sections, we go away discuss the possible accounting treatments under U.S GAAP and IFRS, which relate to these accounting issues facing Runway Discount. Relevant examples will be provided of businesses that offer similar referral incentive programs. We will conclude with our recommendation of how Runway Discount should account for the referral credits it i ssues relating to its Refer-a-Friend program.Applicable Authoritative LiteratureFASB accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 605-50, Revenue Recognition IASC International Accounting Standards (IAS) 18, Revenue RecognitionView as multi-pages

Economics and Sino-Japanese Relations

Sino japanese Relations in the 20th Century Relations mingled with chinaware and lacquer are antonymous they both rely heavily on each early(a) economically, but they are distrustful of each another(prenominal) and there are huge heathenish and political tensions between them. lacquer helped provide infrastructure that countenanceed for the rapid industrialization of chinaware, and if it were not for all of the foreign mint opportunities in mainland China, japans delivery could lead collapsed. At the same time however, China is still off revokeed by the massive massacres and inhumane acts committed by the Japanese.Japans regimen is similarly very weary, and almost threatened, by Chinas continuing growth economically, politically, and militarily. Despite the fact that China and Japan rely on each other economically and are so similar culturally, relations remain tense because of unresolved historical issues. The relationship between China and Japan really began to put to work after Japan became industrial and imperialistic during the mid nineteenth century. This period, known as the Meiji restoration, changed Japan from a feudal society to a much(prenominal) capitalist one.Japans military was also greatly strengthened during this time, and taking after the British and other western ideas, began to occupy China. This led to the First Sino-Japanese war in 1894. At the time, China was still relatively weak and a very primitive country compared to the new imperial Japan. This war was fought mainly over support of the Korean peninsula and was easily won by the powerful Japanese military. This wasnt a particularly bloody or violent war, but it was the first misadventure that caused China to think negatively of Japan.Japans imperialism continued throughout the twentieth century, but neer turned into a full out war until the gage Sino-Japanese war in 1937. The Second Sino-Japanese war was one of the most brutal wars in Asian history, and it is a s ignifi back tootht root cause for the bad relations between China and Japan. This is mostly due to The Rape of Nanking, which was a gruesome mass murder and war blow committed by the Japanese in 1937. The Rape of Nanking occurred during a six-week period after the Japanese took over the city of Nanking (the capital of China at the time).During this time, the Japanese military proceeded to kill hundreds of thousands of civilians, and rape tens of thousands of truthful women. In fact, the acts of violence were so unnecessary and horrid, that this is also known as the forgotten holocaust of world war two. Pregnant women were often a target of murder, and they would often be bayoneted in the stomach, sometimes after rape. Tang Junshan, a survivor and witness to one of the Japanese armys organized mass killings, testified The s yetth and last person in the first row was a pregnant woman.The soldier thought he might as nearly rape her before killing her, so he pulled her out of the gr oup to a spot about ten meters away. As he was trying to rape her, the woman resisted fiercely The soldier abruptly stabbed her in the belly with a bayonet. She gave a final scream as her intestines spilled out. Then the soldier stabbed the fetus, with its umbilical cord clearly visible, and tossed it aside What has really caused the Rape of Nanking to be such(prenominal) a pressing issue though, is that Japan has done almost nothing to apologize to China. Whats worse, is that some Japanese scholars and officials claim the entire incident to be a hoax.Members of the Prime Ministers Party state the no evidence to attempt the mass killings by Japanese soldiers in the captured Nanking and they even accused Beijing of using the alleged incident as a political advertisement. Of course, the Chinese government is very offended by these claims and since then, relations have deteriorated greatly. China also does nothing to try to forget about the unpleasant incident, and many Chinese text books horrifically constitute the acts of the Japanese, which darkens the image of Japan to the Chinese populace even further.The brutal occupation of China was finally over after Japan was defeated at the end of World War Two. China and Japan then entered a brief period where relations remained stable this was mostly due to the Japanese military being dismantled. The establishment of The Peoples Republic of China also made Japan feel more respect towards them because China was be approaching a genteel nation like themselves. During this short period, Japan assisted China through its first years as a newly developed, struggling nation. Many spate policies were agreed upon and Japan and China started to cooperate and coordinate on many levels.This helped both countries thrive culturally and their economies, particularly Japans, boomed. Without these trade agreements, China never would have developed so quickly, and Japan wouldnt have been able to come out of the devastation they suffered from World War Two as fast(a)ly. But even though the Japanese military was disbanded, China still watch overed Japan as a threat because of the numerous atrocities that Japan had committed. China was worried about a remilitarization of Japan, as Japans army was slowly recovering from World War Two.But Japan remained peaceful, probably due to the increasing amount of business enterprise happening between the two countries. During the next few decades, Sino- Japanese diplomatic relations slowly improved, while economic ties increased exponentially. In the 70s and 80s, negotiations took place for a peace and friendship treaty between the two countries. There were also many VIP visits between the countries involving high rank government officials, at even the Prime Minister of Japan visited China in 1984. After long term trade agreements and Chinese economic reform, bilaterally symmetrical trade rapidly increased.This is also known as the golden age of Sino- Japanese rela tions, as they made significant progress during the 70s and 80s. But a lot of these visits and treaties were mostly for show, and today, we realize that although it seemed like the two countries were finally starting to cooperate with each other, there were still many problems meet Sino-Japanese relations. Because of this purely economic relationship, China and Japans economies have become closely intertwined. They are almost completely dependent on each other economically, and wouldnt be the powerful countries that they are today without each other.As I said before, China never would have developed so quickly if it werent for the early inveimmediate memoryents and trade from Japan. On the other hand, after Japans economic bubble popped in the 90s, many investors needed to find new places to invest and trade, and China was filled with such opportunities. The continuous growth of Chinas economy could not be sustained if it werent for the steady stream of investments and trade coming from Japan, but on the other hand, Japans economy would be in shambles if it werent for all of the financial opportunities in China.But even a close trading relationship cant fix a relationship stained with violence and distrust. Japan, for example, is worried that China is becoming too strong of a rising power in todays society. As of just this last year, China has overtaken Japan as the worlds second biggest economy, trailing only behind the United States. Chinas military is also quickly becoming modernized as the Chinese government gradually spends more and more on their national defense budget. As of today, there has been billions of dollars spent on advanced missiles and submarines. The rest of the world doesnt event know the full design of he power of the Chinese military, and China could posses more weapons than even the United States. This is not only concerning to Japan, but also other developed countries as well. Although Japan is worried about the continuous growth of China, Japan is still in the lead developmentally and has been for the last century. China has been influenced greatly by Japans actions and took their development as a model for their own. When Japan first industrialized, it showed China that industrialization was a reachable goal that would make them more powerful. And until recent years, China has just been slightly behind Japan developmentally.In fact, China is very similar to what Japan was just 40 years ago. Just like China today, Japan was a rising Asian power that many westerners feared would become too powerful. Many indicators of a growing economy are also evident in China literacy rates, infant mortality rates, and GDP (gross domestic product) are all on the rise, similar to what Japans were four decades ago. Its no conjunctive that China hosted the Beijing Olympics 44 years after Tokyo, and they hosted the world expo 40 years after Osaka. China has a unique opportunity though, they can learn from Japan, and not make the same mistakes that Japan did.Japan doesnt want China to leap frog over them though, and has started to invest less into China, causing trade between the countries to decrease in the last decade. Japan has been deliberately putting less business into China, mostly because they dont want to contribute to the growth of a country that they view as a threat. But at Chinas current rate of expansion and technological development, they could soon be losing their dependence on Japan. And it seems as though the only thing supporting a stable relationship right now is economics, and if that is gone then what will come of their already evaporable relationship?Without the economic dependence that China and Japan have for each other, their relationship would almost certainly crumble. Having bad relations between these two countries is not only detrimental for China and Japan, but also damaging for world politics, and the world economy as a whole. Creating healthier relations between them would allow for collaboration and cooperation which would help push Japan out of recession and let Japan help guide China in the right direction. It would also realise the many Japanese investors who have billions invested in China to have improved communication with the country.Better relations between them would also greatly impact the outside world, especially the US. The United States has had a huge impact on the shaping Sino- Japanese relations. Having trusting political relations would allow the United States to become a more prominent contributor to Asian politics without having to choose sides on any touchy, historical issues. We wouldnt have to worry about starting a political flaming war and we could focus more on building stronger relations with each other, making it easier to come to agreements and make decisions on major issues.It seems like China and Japan are both going to have to put in more effort to improve Sino- Japanese relations in the long term. Both Japan and Chin a are going to have to try much harder to establish relations that are built on something more than just trade. Due to this, it is best(predicate) for them to make an effort to construct a new and healthier relationship that is not reliant on their economic structures. But how should they approach fixing a relationship that is stained with hatred and tension? First, Japan should focus on making sure that China forgives them for their past actions.It is important that China believes that this is a true gesture, as it has been attempted many times before. Japan should make sure to take full responsibility instead of just loosely apologizing as they have done in the past. They should also not view each other as threats, and become more trusting of each others intentions. China could make this easier for Japan by being more open about their military intentions. China and Japan should also be public about their diplomatic relations to keep their people informed about what state their c ountries are in.Fixing Sino-Japanese relations is going to be a long journey for both countries. Because of such a complicated and violent past things arent going to be easy, but their economies and cultures are so intertwined it would be beneficial to them and the rest of the world to cheer their broken relationship. But only once we look back at the history between these two countries can we understand how to look to the future. Bibliography Anonymous KEIDANREN JAPAN-CHINA dealings IN THE 21ST CENTURY (2001-02-20). Nippon Keidanren. 20 Feb. 2001. Web. 1 Mar. 2011. . Anonymous Nanking Massacre. Nanking Massacre. Web. 8 May 2011. . China and Japan, Rival Giants, BBC, http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/shared/spl/hi/asia_pac/05/china_japan/html/history. stm (accessed February 21, 2011) The China-Japan Economic Relationship (sidebar). Issues & Controversies. Facts On File News Services, 20 Dec. 2010. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. .Calder, Kent, China and Japans Simmering rivalry, Foreign affairs. A pril 2006. , http//www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/61515/kent-e-calder/china-and-japans-simmering-rivalry, (accessed February 21) * * Cave-Bigley, Anna. The Paradox of Sino-Japanese Relations. ISN. 26 Sept. 2008. Web. 20 Mar. 2011. . * * Chan, John. Sino-Japanese Relations Remain Tense. World Socialist Web Site. 29 Oct. 2010. Web. 12 Mar. 2011. . * * Chanlett- Avery, Sino- Japanese Relations Issues for US policy, Congressional research service, celestial latitude 19, 2008. * * Deh Chien, Chen. THE FORGOTTEN HOLOCAUST. People. bu. edu People on the Web at Boston University. Web. 12 Mar. 2011. . * Don Lee Times Staff Writer. China-Japan Economic Ties Glow Amid Political boot Last years anti-Japan protests gave companies pause, but the market is too vast to ignore.. Los Angeles Times. 17 Apr. 2006 C1. eLibrary. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. Rose, Caroline. Sino-Japanese Relations Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? New York u. a. Routledge, 2005. Print. Xin, Geng. Sino-Japanese Relat ions Still worryingly Uncertain GlobalTimes. Globaltimes_Opinion. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. . Soderberg, Marie.Chinese-Japanese Relations in the Twenty-first Century Complementarity and Conflict. London Routledge, 2002. Print. Xinhua. China, Japan Economic Relations Complementary. Chinadaily US Edition. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. . Yuqing, XING. JAPANS bizarre ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH CHINA ECONOMIC INTEGRATION UNDER POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY. Web. 9 Mar. 2011. . MOFA Japan-China Relations. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA). Web. 12 Mar. 2011.

Autocratic Leadership

1. Nowadays there are several lead way of lifes being sedulous to run the organization in browse to achieve the goals. One of the leadership styles that being exercised is dominating style, which tell people what to do. The oppressive leadership style is always defined as excessively demanding with basically a one-way of communication. The leader will have the legitimate power to coerce subordinates to accomplish the mission.Decision-making comes from nevertheless leader and is not shared. Nevertheless, authoritarian can be useful in the under pressure situation. Leaders sometimes have to utilize this type of leadership to achieve their goals. This essay will argue that despotic leaders are not always ineffective. This will be argued by some examples and reasons why autocratic leaders could bring about the benefit to the business and military organizations.2. Autocratic leadership style is to put pressure on the employees or subordinates. However, in the workplace or milita ry organization, some scenarios may require for prompt action. In these circumstances, an autocratic style of leadership can be the best style to adopt. Surprisingly, galore(postnominal) employees have been working with an authoritarian and have a few issues to familiar with that style. One of a good example of an autocratic leader is Martha Stewart. She built her pudding stone with personal attention to every detail.Whether people admire Martha Stewart or not, she never strays away from being careful and demanding. Shes very successful in her endeavors, and often uses an autocratic management style. Many critics world power argue that it was her autocratic leadership style that made her a success in the entertainment industry, which is an extremely competitive environment. Others might argue that even much success might have awaited her had she not relied so heavily on such a demanding and potentially negatively charged style.3. Another circumstance where autocratic leadership can employ appropriately is while doing the projects in assembly. Many group projects seem to be failure because group members express their own decisions and lead to conflict. In such circumstance may need an authoritarian who can make and determine decisions for the group.The leader should seek the resolution in which method the project can be done, delegate the task among the members, and make sure set the time for completion of the task. Steve Jobs, for instance, who is one of the successful autocratic leaders. He seems to be very authoritative. His decisions were made with slight consultation, and his decisions were made faster making him to react to changing in tendency of the business environment more quickly. The Environmental challenges which includes facing their rivals such as Microsoft.4. In conclusion, some people argue that autocratic leadership style can never lead to success, alone what it can achieve is to assist the process and run it into being a completion. A utocratic styles of leadership are becoming less and less applicable that there are still many contexts in which they work. During the first stage of Entrepreneurial organizations will rely on this type of leadership in order to make a decisive decisions and effective. However, it can be recommended that if leader utilize autocratic leadership should apply it wisely. Otherwise, it will be getting worse if use it in a wrong way.

Team Sports and Individual Sports

Learning to play squad sports is an important part o f a childs education. Do you agree or disagree? Practicing sports provides athletes with opportunities to develop their social skills during the academic portion of their life. Nowadays, the effect of practicing on children is very significant in a stylus they practice private sport or joining a squad. But is schooling to play aggroup sports an important part of a childs academic portion? I personally agree and think that team sports are a much better option for the next reasonsFirst, there is no better alternative than learning how to be peer helper in your community, particularly in a friendly environment. Practicing with a team pass on create an important relationship amidst the teammates that will know you and can direct your learning and adapt the pace of the practicing in a way that is more(prenominal) suitable to your capacities. Individual sports dont generally offer this type of flexibility as you dont really i nteract physically with the others. What you basically have is a set of instructions, by your supervisor, that you have to follow alone.For example, if you have an mould with a given discipline, when you are being in individual sport all you can do is to do it again and again alone and try to understand. You can maybe make it to succeed during the in ground levelation but still that doesnt guarantee that you will get it in an official competition. But when you are with a group at your disposal, you can easily ask your mates and they would provide more information on the desired task from other perspectives that would definitely help you to understand better and get the idea.Another reason is that team sport, as opposed to individual sport, fosters the development and sustainability of social relationships between teammates. This is a very important demo because learning after all is not only well-nigh acquiring information, but it is also about learning to interact with peers, fo rming social relationships, being socially apt to live in a monastic order of different individuals. Teamwork role is to prepare the members for an outer world, a society where having social skills and being able to form relationships is very critical.Individual sports contribute very little to the development of such a skill, as young athletes will be practicing alone in a very limited context while such skills are acquired through the physical interaction with other peers. If we take the example of a kid who practices with a team and another one who practices alone, we would clearly see differences in their personalities The team boy would have a more extravert personality while the alone boy would be more introvert.There are no doubts seethe on which one of the two boys will perform better in society. For these reasons, I believe that team sports are very important for the academic development of children, rather than individual sports. Even if the academic experience, the uni on of information could be the same but team sports teach skills that cannot be guaranteed during a training of an individual sport, skills that are essential in the development of the individual later on in the society.

Maruti Suzuki in Indian Premium Car Segment

MARUTI SUZUKI & INDIAN PREMIUM CAR surgical incision Interim Report Marketing Management INTRODUCTION Indian automobile patience currently contributes 5% to Indias current GDP of $1. 4 trillion. The projected size in 2016 of the Indian automotive industry varies between $ 122 billion and $ 159 billion including USD 35 billion in exports. This translates into a contribution of 10% to 11% towards Indias GDP by 2016, which is much than double the current contribution. We can safely assume the passenger cable motor automobile market as a whole grows in the same phase if not more than mentioned above.Passenger gondolas check sub divisionifications with in them and they be as follows SEGMENTATION OF INDIAN CAR MARKET As per SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers) The classification of subdivisions ar takee as per length of the vehicle, (Passenger car incision) 1. A1 mini Up to 3400mm (M800, Nano) 2. A2 Compact 3401 to 4000mm (Alto, wagon r, Zen,i10,A-star,Sw ift,i20,palio,indica etc) 3. A3 Midsize 4001 to 4500mm ( urban center,Sx4,Dzire,Logan,Accent,Fiesta,Verna etc) 4. A4 Executive 4501 to 4700mm (Corolla,civic,C class,Optra,Octavia, etc) 5.A5 Premium 4701 to 5000mm (Camry,Eclass,Accord,Sonata,Laura,Superb,etc) 6. A6 Luxury Above 5000mm (S class,5 series etc) 7. B1 Van Omni, Versa, Magic etc 8. B2 MUV/MPV Innova, Tavera, Sumo etc 9. SUV CRV, Vitara etc A segment, B segment etc. were used earlier. But now the segmentation in India is done on the basis of length. Maruti Suzuki India Limited, the leading passenger cars producer, currently holds a market share of near 45% in the passenger vehicles segment. The dominant share of the current 45% has primarily grapple from passenger cars that belong to the Mini/Compact hatchback or midsize sedan.As Maruti Suzuki started its operations in 1981 the of necessity of the countrys automotive industries were inexpensive/entry level cars which Maruti real successfully catered to. But very recently the executive, premium and luxury segment cars are growing more than 20% every year which is higher than the growth of the compact passenger cars. Here is a data which reiterates the growth of premium segment cars in India. The data shows the number of cars whose price is in the range of 15lakh to 30 lakh. Model 2004/05 2006 2007-08 2008 2009 2010 2011 Skoda superb Na 769 586 694 541 2078 BMW 3 series - - 946 1,075 (FY09) 1,155 2,220 (Jan-Nov) Audi A4 - - 102 1,050 1,658 3,003 4,210 (Q1-Q3) Mercedes c class 785 883 1,127 1,765 1,607 5,109 ( Jan-Nov) 3,233 (Jan-May) The above data clearly shows in that location is a strong growth in the premium segment that is being seen in the Indian passenger segment. So how far can Maruti Suzuki, a pioneer in exquisite car segment, address the changing tr finales of Indian car market. Can it replicate the success of small(a) car sales in to the premium segment also?In order to identify the needs and the values of the luxury clas s and their views and expectations on Maruti entering premium car segment we conducted the following interviews which are given below INTERVIEWS WITH POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS INTERVIEW 1 What is your profile? I am Prakhar Sharma. I am an electronics engineer and had been working for BEL for the last one year. At present I am a student in IIM Bangalore. Do you own a sedan? If yes, which car? My father would be the full owner of the cars that we possess. He is a Government officer. We currently own a SX4 petrol version.It is the fully nonsensical petrol version, and we own it for over a year. Do you own any separate car? We do own a Maruti 800, which is around 20 years old. Apart from that, my father has his office car as well. We thought about buying a new car because the Maruti 800 was very old. What are the various factors you take careed forrader you bought the car? Generally when a person is looking to buy a sedan, it is his second or tierce car purchase. there are various fa ctors people charter while buying a car. Personally, the factors I feel that influence my choice are Style, Power, Ergonomics and driving experience.This is of course taking into account that authorized minimum requirements are met by the cars in this category. What new(prenominal) cars did you par with before buying the SX4? There are a number of options available in this price range. We had basically zeroed down up on SX4 and Honda City. The Honda City is a really bang-up car as well. The best thing I liked about it was the experience. It is extremely smooth with a feather touch power steering. The design and interiors are really gracious as well. What make you choose the SX4 over the Honda City? We had a fixed budget assigned towards the car, with a flexibility of around 1 lakh.Within that budget the two cars I really liked was SX4 and Honda City. However, the Honda City ground model would follow us as much as the SX4 fully loaded model (with all features already installe d). So we felt that it was give way value for money, and went along to buy the SX4. Apart from that, some other factors which influenced our decision was that maintenance costs of Maruti is very low, spare parts are readily available and dont really cost that high either. If you are looking to shape up to a higher overthrow sedan, would you go for a Maruti again?Say Kizashi? If I assume that I do not oblige any budget constraints, then I probably would not go for a Maruti. The new Kizashi seems good as far as design and technical specifications are concerned, but the name Maruti has a detection attached to it. Maruti is the car that was trusted by your parents and grand-parents, it is the car that close every Indian owns. If I indigence to own a high end sedan, I would want to show it off as well. I feel that would not be practical with the Maruti tag associated with it. It does not learn that association of exclusivity.So I would predominate out Maruti in the first place and go for a soil which is not possessed by too many people. INTERVIEW 2 What is your profile? I am Vaibhav Singh, I graduated from IIT Kanpur. soon am a PGP-I student at IIM Bangalore. Prior to joining IIMB I worked at National Instruments for al closely 3 years. Do you own a car now? If yes what is the car Yes, I own a Maruti 800. What are the facts you like and dislike about your current car? I feel a sense impression of safety in case of Maruti mainly because its a trusted trademark especially in India. Secondly its low on maintenance and its spares are readily available.Also Maruti has a strong suffice network. What I dont like about Maruti, I get confused as there are many cars in the same segment and its very difficult to select. Do you have any other cars in the family? Which one do you like comparatively? Yes we also own a Ford Figo. I like Figo over Maruti 800 as it is newer and has many more features. Are you planning to advertize your car now? What are the key feat ures you look for in the car? I may pass on after in a couple of years from now and mostly to a sedan. The key features I will look for would be i. Brand value. How its perceived in the market. ii.Quality iii. Price iv. Features If Maruti coiffures up with a new car would you be willing to consider it? Why or why not? I will mostly not consider Maruti as my option. The mind is that I associate Maruti with low cost so there is a brand disconnect. I would rather consider a Honda or Toyota. What do you withdraw about the new car Maruti has launched Kizashi? When I saw the car it was portrayed as a sports sedan but I reckon the looks could have been better. Basically, I dont perceive Maruti car as a sports sedan. When a car is that expensive it should also add status which I think Maruti does not add.What can Maruti do so that you will consider it as an option? I think what most other companies have done by separating the brand specific for luxury cars, Maruti should do something s imilar. If possible leverage on some brand that concentrates on luxury segment alone. If not anything else, they should atleast use just Suzuki and not Maruti Suzuki to launch a car in targeted segment. Finally what are the two main reasons why you will not buy a Maruti in the luxury segment? 1. There will not be any status enhancement 2. I do not associate Maruti with high performance.I lonesome(prenominal) think it is low cost and reliable. INTERVIEW 3 What is your profile? I am Shobhit Agrawal from Delhi. I unblemished my graduation from St. Stephens College. Currently am a PGP-I student at IIM Bangalore. Do you own a car? If yes, which? Yes, we own a Volkswagen Polo for over a year. We also own a Maruti 800 but its not in a major use now. What you like and dislike about your current car? We bought Polo because it was one of the better cars in price of performance in that price range. We preferred a top-end version of hatchback over a low-end version of a bigger car.Polo has m any features and most essentially we treasured a car that is new and different from the ones generally present in society. So Polo met most of our needs. Theres nothing specific which I dont like so far. If you want to upgrade your car in future what will it be to? What are the key features you would look for in the car? If I upgrade my car in future, it might be to a sedan. Key features I would consider are i. Performance (engine) and mileage ii. Value for money The car should be ergonomically comfortable, it should have good features, better quality and good interior design & aesthestics iii.Brand It should make a statement. iv. It should also have a good dealership network and servicing network. Suppose you would want a luxury sedan, and Maruti launch cars it that segment. Would you consider Maruti as your option? Why or why not? As I mentioned the key features I would be looking for in a new luxury sedan car, If I feel that a Maruti sedan meets my requirements, I may con sider it as my option. But since such an investment is considerably grand and highly infrequent, brand will also play an important role in selection as it is a status symbol.Whats your view about Maruti Suzuki SX4 and Kizashi compared to competitors in their segment? When I see SX4 against Honda City, SX4 seems to be lower in class although it is not. Similarly if I compare Kizashi with Accord or Camry, Kizashi seem to be slightly lower. This I think is mainly because people associate Maruti with small cars than sedans and luxury cars. What do you Maruti lacks to be in luxury sedan segment? What should it do? I think Maruti lacks an image of luxury car maker. It is generally associated with small cars owing to its leadership in that segment.In order to be more successful, Maruti will have to develop expertise and capability to compete in that segment. SURVEY ANALYSIS So from the discussions with the consumers we have come to the following conclusions regarding whether they would pr efer to buy a Maruti in the sedan segment the following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The major reason is that Maruti is associated with a low cost car. It is a very trusted brand as many of the people interviewed were either owners or had owned a Maruti car in the past and were very satisfied with the harvest-tide.However the brand is not associated with a status symbol so people upgrading will most probably not prefer a Maruti level if the product and the price is same of competition. 2) Another reason for non-acceptance is that there a real as well as perceived difference between the competitors and Maruti. When we compare higher end cars by Maruti with others in the segment, it fails to beat the established standards by other brands. For e. g. In a 2. 4 Lit engine car segment, it is perceived by the consumers that Toyota and Honda cars will have a overlord engine than Maruti s engine.Also they are perceived to provide a better quality in terms of aesthetics to the buyer. For t his reason, even though, Maruti Suzuki SX4 was launched in the same segment as Honda City, it was always considered to be lower than City. 3) peerless reason for people not to consider the car is that they feel the resale value will not be good. As many people in these segments buy cars and switch between 3-5 years resale value is an important consideration and this is where Maruti lags behind a lot compared to a Honda or a Toyota SOME POINTS WERE ALSO IN FAVOUR OF MARUTI ) Most of the people have already owned a Maruti and were very satisfied with the product and have a high opinion of its after sales service and cheaper spare parts so they think that compared to the others the maintenance cost will be low. Therefore after analysing the 4 interviews we can come to the conclusion that Maruti cannot be seen as a status symbol that most people upgrading to higher end cars look for. However this segment is growing at a very fast rate compared to the medium industry so this is a segme nt Maruti cannot afford to ignore.The advertisements and promotions for their latest car Kizashi also could not come much excitement among the customers like what Mahindra Scorpios advertisements did so this could be one area they could look at. So the key questions going ahead for us will be * Maruti has enter the segment with its current brand the following table shows the specifications of Maruti Kizashi and its competitors Technical Specification and Pricing * As shown in the table above even with similar specifications and competitive pricing Kizashi was not able to catapult its sales figures as done by Accord (3324 units 2005-06) and Camry (794 units 2005-06).So the burning question is does it need a new brand either fully made by themselves like Toyota did with Lexus or should they come into collaboration or acquire a luxury brand and enter into the market * Will Maruti be able to use the current distribution channel to effectively market the cars? With the same dealership network having two types of customers, one targeting an entry level hatchback and the other targeting a luxury sedan served effectively? Or will they need a new dealership network for high segments cars for specific target consumer which can be a costly affair.

How successful was Alexander II in transforming Russian Society Essay

Despite being donned The Great Reformer by various historians, there are two sides to the opinion of black lovage II. Although he emancipated the serfs, brought about armament, presidential term, discriminatory, fosteringal, censorship, economic and perform reforms, fiat was unsatisfied. E. Radzinsky, author of Alexander II The Last Great Tsar suggested that he was two-headed, with one head for reform, the different for the past, which may be proven in his retracting of reforms due to fear of how much power the people of Russia were acquiring, barely in terms of transforming society, through change and modernising, he was successful.In 1861, just 6 days after coming to power, Alexander II emancipated the serfs. Such an action was revolutionary, yet he was not without his reasons. He assured a group of Moscow noblemen that it is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for the era when it will begin to abolish itself from below. The Ukase meant serfs were free men , they could marry, create businesses, have rights and own property without lead of approval from the landowner who previously owned them. They could keep the land they previously farmed and the landlords received compensation from the liberation of land. This was a huge undertaking, to completely change the Russian system of serfdom, and it brought about enterprise and the seeds of modernisation.Following this reform, Alexander II set out to change even more. Local regimes were set up, called the zemstva, and they could improve public go and administer relief. Towns were now represented by Dumas and the electorates understood the towns issues, so could improve teaching method and local welfare. In the zemstva, fully growns were able to discuss the running of the country a nod towards the western government system. The relaxing of censorship, which had even begun before the emancipation, meant western ideas would spread further. Foreign works were permitted and Russia saw fa r more books and sunrise(prenominal)spapers published, from a meagre 1836/year in 1,855 to 10,691 in 1964.There were new regulations no longer did all(prenominal) title of a book need to be checked before being published. Wider reading meant great education, whilst the emancipation meant that a greater good turn needed to be educated. The zemstva allowed these educational changes to be funded. Alexander Golovnin was decreed the Minister of Education in 1962, and under him, for the next 15 years education was change. In 1970, schools adopt an open for all policy. Women and all races could attend secondary school. Between 1856 and 1880, the number of primary schools almost tripled and during the 1870s, the number of students at university did also.The zemstva took over the churchs educational responsibility in 1864, leading to more liberal and modern thinking. The educational reforms lead to all communities being brighter, encouraging further business and free education lead to social mobility and opportunity. The Minister of Internal Affairs, Pyotr Valuev set up the Ecclesiastical Commission in 1862 to investigate church organisation and practise. The church, as a powerful weapon of the government had to retain the loyalty of the people, particularly after the abolition of serfdom. In 1868, reforms meant the most talented and educated priests could be promoted within the church, and furthermore, Russia began to accept tweak Catholicism and relaxed her stance on the Jews and promoted the Finnish language.A hugely important reform was economic. After the lacing in the Crimean war, Russia needed to earn back worldwide respect. Mikhail von Reutern, the Minister of Finance from 1862 1878 ensured there were taxes, budgets and a discoverer on government spending. Tax-farming was abolished, whilst banks were allowed credit facilities. Subsidies were spread to encourage the creation of railways and foreign investment in Russia was encouraged. The tap and c otton industries also thrived and national growth did too.This was a big step towards modernisation, exports meant industry and railways meant transport, which also help the moving of modern military weapons and soldiers, Russia was moving forward. Ttax income was fairer now, and that idea of equality spread to the judicial system. In 1864, Dmitrii Zamyatnin modelled a new system on western ideas. There were different types of judicatures, Volost courts to deal with emancipation, minor offences and the like, with judges who were choose unbiased peasants. The judges were paid more, which meant there was less corruption in the system, and careers in law began to release with the greater education system.Open courts meant the public could view sentencing and be deterred from crime, and the press were free to document court cases. Surprisingly, the issue that triggered many reforms such as economic and the emancipation due to the shame in Crimea was the cultivation to be brought ab out. The military reforms began in 1874, a while after the defeat.. Milyutin, the War Minster, recognised the importance of having a teensyer, more professional army as opposed to a large and untrained one. Being in the army was no longer a punishment, and for some a career, as nepotism was stopped by military colleges. The length of service was reduced by 10 years to just 15, and class had nothing to do with whether or not you were conscripted. This all lead to reduced government expenditure on the military, and a small victory against Turkey in 1877.Despite the huge impact of Alexander IIs reforms, they did not all transform society, especially as he withdrew several in years to come. Emancipation did not stop any discontent from the lower classes, as following the Ukase, there were 647 riots in 4 months. umpteen had less land than before, and were forced to pay redemption payments for 49 years at a 6% rate of inte persist. The nobility were not satisfied either, and by 1905, 50 % of the remaining land had been sold, as get overleap. Other reforms were also not without fault.Zemstvas and Dumas never truly had the demands of the peasants fulfilled and they had no greater power. The Provincial Governors, who were positive by the Tsar, could overrule any decision and by 1914, still only about 60% of provinces had a local government. This caused limitations in all other reforms. The economy remained relatively weak, and condescension the open courts in the judicial system, government budgets were definitely not open for public viewing. 66% of government revenue came from indirect taxation and with the changing value of their currency, the rouble Russia was still not financially stable.The church was certainly not transformed greatly, as if it lost its power, so would the tsar. Clerical poverty was still rife and not all priests were educated. The church still censored media, as did the military and both religious and military courts were not reformed. Unlik e the rest of the courts which now had a jury, any political or important crimes were dealt with by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and revolutionaries were still arrested by the Third Section, with peasants still being treated with a degree of inequality in the courts.Educational and censoring reforms also incited rebellion, with greater opportunity to spread radical ideas or even to spread general intelligence, which meant the government was threatened. The Ministry of Internal Affairs also still held the right to fine and prevent some publications in the media. The soldiers reforms were not without drawbacks either. Illiterate peasants (of which there were still vast numbers, despite the spread of education) could not benefit from the new training, and officers were still largely the product of nepotism. The army was still in essence peasant conscription and despite the railways, supply was far from perfect, as the trains were slow to develop and spread.Alexander II, the man with whom Queen Victoria herself fell in love with, the tsar liberator and the man who transformed a system that had not changed for 300 years was certainly the great reformer. He revolutionised almost every aspect of Russian society, and despite the particular that it may not have lasted, he still managed to begin modernisation for Russia. He could never play the whole country. Before his death, there were many attempts on his life, and many were close. But he brought about greater equality, rights and hope. He showed the Russian people that change was possible, and strengthened the economy. Even though he grew scared of the comprehensive liberation, the Loris-Melikov constitution is proof enough that he didnt want the country to stay oppressed. Even on the day he was killed, he tried to transform Russia.

Organizational Analysis: Apple Inc. Essay

apple Inc. is an iconic United States technological attach to based in Cupertino, California. apple is assiduous in the development of World changing consumer electronic products such a mobile phones, medication media devices, t satisfactoryts, and personalised computers. The company also sells and creates operating system softw ar, peripherals and deli real of third-party digital content (iTunes) to consumers. apple sells its products and services via it 250 U.S. and one hundred forty international retail stores worldwide (Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific), online stores and third-party wholesalers, retailers and resellers. As of September 29, 2012 apple has 72,800 full-time employees and 3,300 temporary employees and contractors. orchard apple tree is one of the lifesizest and most innovative companies in the world with increased net sales from $65 one million million in 2010, $108 billion in 2011 and $156 billion in 2012. ( apple 10K) Two young entrepreneurs Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded the company in 1997.They relied on each early(a) incompatible strengths to propel the assembly line forward. Wozniak was the technical receipt person and Jobs was the visionary who knew how to believe the product. One of their early computer products was cal guide apple II. The next big product that brought apple to the forefront of the computer industry was the introduction of the first Macintosh computer reveled to the world in 1984. orchard apple tree spent eitherplace 30 million dollars on the advertising of the product, which also launched the famous and iconic television ad that ran during the tops(p) Bowl. Over the years the company has survived management conflicts were Steve Jobs left the company for many years, exclusively was brought back 1997 to suffice revive apple from dismal stock prices and competitors. In short, under Steve Jobs drawship the company shifted its heighten towards do the best innovative and uniquely designed pr oducts Worldwide for consumers.(WPost) StructureOrganizational structure that keeps Apple existent is uniquely different than other multinational companies, hardly they still follow distinct rules of a nearly-function government activity. To servicing understand Apples structure, we first need to impression what is the companys purpose. Apple wants to be number one at creating some of the best and innovative products for consumers that brings life changing user witness to customers. Formalization Apple is derived from the create quadrant of the CVF were they pay close attention innovation and envision the future, however at the very(prenominal)(prenominal) they also have a very formal structure that is running in full start-up mode at all times and they washbowl still address part in spontaneous actions without the politics and red tape of normal large companies Centralization One of the key drives of Apples corporation is that they are a highly cooperative company that achievements really intumesce to postulateher in the decision making influence, scarcely I would also say they are cabal of a highly centralized and decentralized fiber of business.Hierarchy Consisted of Steve Jobs macrocosm the visionary and visible leader of the company till his recent death. The person now steering the ship is Tim construct, who is a veteran Apple employee and has been appointed s perpetuallyal times as stand-in chief operating officer in the past. Apple has what would be considered a tall organisational structure, but still unique because of how they foster collaboration. Complexity Like any large multinational company Apple has an array of 10 Top Executives, Board of Directors and a CEO Tim Cook (Apple bios). Integration Apple is a highly integrate organization, but once again due to how collaborative the company is, different organizational units and sub-units incline very well together to meet the core objectives and purposes of the compan y.Leader-Follower RelationshipsApple is probably one of the best in the tech industry, even though Steve Jobs has passed international. Entrepreneurial leaders abandon a lasting imprint on the structures on the organizations they found, which is the case with Apple being led by Tim Cook now. The management styles are a little bit different between the two men, but the revenue numbers speak for themself in this situation. Apples structure allows the current CEO to accommodate on with business as it did in the past with the exception of trying inscribe out what would Steve Jobs do in this scenario of keeping Apple a vibrant company. Steve Jobs watched companies resembling Walt Disney be non-productive after their CEO passed a style and did not want that for Apple, so he explained to Tim Cook dont ever try to figure out what would I have done in a certain situation, just do what is rectify for the company (MSNBC). I think this type of leader-follower relationship transcends thro ugh and throughout the Apple organization very well.Stakeholder relationships on the sur formulation seem to be in very good standings. Apple is a leader in so many ways with making A-one products they are number one, who doesnt want to be a part of the Apple machine? For example, the recently undefendableed Apple store in molar concentration Central Station, all forms of stakeholders are benefiting from that deal consumers, employees, Grand Central, New York City etc. Multiply that by various locations around the world and we have a majority of happy stakeholders ready to follow with open arms all because of the structure of how Apple operates its company. Productivity and performance due the companys organizational structure allows Apple to be number one.For example, when netbooks were all the rage and Apple was introducing the first iPad and started coining the phrase we are now entering into post-pc era, some stack or industries did not take that statement serious, but look at the numbers now. 95% of all web traffic from tablets are from iPads and it is only increasing every year ( every last(predicate)thingsD). The benefit and cost of the current structure is very evident all everywhere the world, specially when Apple has a new product launch. Its the wish wells of a cult following (in a good way). For example, great deal start lining up all over the world to get their get across on whatever product is being released online sales via Apples website willing start to have a 3 to 4 weeks backorder on products because they are in such high demand. Basically the current structure allows Apple to achieve high net sales on all products being sold and keeps their position as number one consumer product seller in the world.CultureAt Apple, the work culture was driven by a passion for new products with no end to altercates and opportunities. Apple became the pioneer of the Work severely Play Hard ethic. The corporate culture at Apple was exemplified by its intense work ethics. Al though its work environment was relaxed and casual, on that point was a very strong commitment to company deadlines. Apple was based on an idea that self-motivated respective(prenominal)s will work harder if they do not have a boss micromanaging every action. This unique structure of Apple had allowed it to sire and react more quickly to changes than its competitors like IBM and Microsoft. The reason Apple took action to a quick responsiveness, is that it was much easier to get a project started if thereare only a few people to obtain approval from. One view of Apples leader follower relationship can be explained by how quickly Apple initially grew. Due to the ability to have employees make decisions at the lowest possible level.Corporate headquarters do policy and oversaw all activities, but the local employees made the day-to-day decisions in countries all over the world. This type of top-down philosophy allowed for quick responsiveness and resolut ions to situations without involving the corporate headquarters, thus avoiding corporate red tape. Analysts have been cognize to summarize the work culture at Apple as fun, yet demanding. Culture champions focus individual effort at one time on achieving the organizations objectives. (Greenwald, P207) The Apple experience as a stakeholder has ever so been about the user experience not just the engine room, even though the majority of the market didnt care about that Apple wanted to be different. Apple is a company that is in the business of making markets vs. addressing markets.The Apple ego is a belief that it is the best company in the world and it should tamp down itself that way, all its lenders, employees, software designers and customers understand its ego and for those who dont like it found out it has become a call to arms for all of the companys stakeholders. Another way to view Apple is that it doesnt ask people what they need but gives them products they decide the y want. Think about a undecomposable question, does anyone need an iPhone or iPad? Not really, but a lot of people seem to want them. Apples culture is based on some basic facts that really drive its productivity performance. It is a vertical integration company where most of technology is developed in house for its key products and it will have key advantages over other less vertically integrated companies and Apple makes cool products. prudence to design and detail, fit and finish really distinguishes Apples products from competitors.The iPod was not the first digital music player and the iPhone was not the first smart phone and the iPad is not the first portable computing device. exclusively having differentiated business models where Apple develops and innovates products with key features like the iPod+iTunes and iPhone+App investment company provides a strong competitive advantage, where this process makes it difficult for competitors to match what Apple is producing in a t imely fashion. Apples culture produces and offers very clear and childlike set of products.Its easy to understand the differences between their products, product families and the various configurations where many other companies alter things unnecessarily. Apples employees had to run their own show and work in a challenging and fanciful environment. Apple adopted a style that was not too formal or hierarchical and a more final results-driven approach, which worked best for them. Apple fostered a culture of secrecy. The demand for absolute secrecy and insistence on control were infused into the company culture indemnify from the beginning. My production line is to not be easy on people. My job is to make them better.(Steve Jobs, 2010)Human behaviorThe understanding of the piece behavior at the Apple organization has authentically shaped its design, structure, function and culture by the following points. * Apple employees understand that a key innate emphasis at the company is that it cares about the design of its products more than any other firm in the market, unlike Microsoft who has done a poor job of creating aesthetically pleasing products. Apples focus on design shows it understands what consumers want and how to meet those needs and desires, and it sets out to beat any and all expectations. The printing press falls onto an employee who doesnt help the company meet those needs they may end up with other company sooner than later. * Apple is known to do everything differently therefore employees need to forget what they ever knew about the technology world. Whether its the design of products, system for developing ideas for new products or the way it handles data everything is different at Apple.Employees who function similar to a past employer is a mistake that could cause hold out within the rank and file. * Apple takes it flaws to heart and listens when it hears people criticize its products. They respond with firm tone and jumpy statemen ts in ways that other companies in the industry would not dare to replicate. Apple doesnt like being told that its wrong. * Apple will neer admit defeat no matter how ill its products are getting beaten. The company seems to find ways of turning itself around and out of the hole with an right strategies business action that saves the day. Nowhere is that more evident than in the computing market.With the results that Apple is setting get down profits. * Apple understands attention to detail is key strategy that will pay off in the desire run. Apple goes that extra mile which has become a staple of the companys vision and its something that it expects from its employees. * Apples focus on technology domination worldwide is everything that the late Steve Jobs aspired to be. It was his ultimate goal to not only compete with his competitors in the all the markets his company competes in but rather reverse them. He wanted to make it clear to the world that his company was the best a nd would beat them all. At apple he established a culture that would help him achieve his legacy.Communication and decision making stylesWe know that the form of communication within an organization is directly reflective of its structure. Information is transmitted through respective(a) methods such as speech, writing, symbols, and body language. (Greenwald, Organizations Management without controls, 2008) At Apple, communication is what they sell and what they welcome. Whether or not you as an Apple employee choose to create or participate in a blog, wiki, online social network or any other form of online publishing or discussion is your own choice. In general, what you do on your own time is your business. However, activities that affect your job performance, the performance of other Apple employees, or Apples business interests are still covered by company policies and guidelines. This applies whether you engage in these activities in or outback(a) of work, and whether or not you attain yourself as an Apple employee. (Heath, Alex, 2012)It is clear that Apple knows that it is to protect itself from the very creative minds it cultivates. This policy leaves no room for unnecessary overlap. Business is business and that is what matters.Apple runs an extremely snug ship, with tiny product roots just two engineers were given the task of writing the code to convert the movement browser to run on the iPad, a task that on its face seems like a ample undertaking that other companies such as Microsoft or Google might have devoted dozens of people to. (The Dictatorship, 12) Apple, as a formal organization has had a long taradiddle of capturing informal leaders. The previous distill is from an article, which also describes the gathering of 100 exclusive employees. They were not all at same pay lay out and or security clearances but they could be trusted to keep dates and products a secret as well as to give their honest opinions.Every executive action, produc t or project has a DRI directly responsible individual who carries the can (or laurels) for its outcome. (Heath, Alex, 2012) The creative process at Apple is one of constantly preparing mortal be it ones boss, bosss boss, or oneself for a presentation to Jobs, writes Adam Lashinsky, who calls him a corporate dictator who makes every critical decision and oddles of seemingly noncritical calls too. (Heath, Alex, 2012) While Apple does subscribe to what may be considered a normal type of policy and set of norms, we often read of the overlapping, dictator-ran, bully-driven ship that shines through in their product releases and market bravado.ObservationsOur observations of Apple employees are limited to Apple Store employees. Although we have included various reports and accounts of encounters between Steve Jobs and other executives, we find it necessary to compare the culture levels on the outer bands of this grand organization. Passing by the Apple Store in any mall, it is app arent how different the selling atmosphere is. The products are all sprawled out for customers to play with and engage in. There is nearly a 11 staff/customer ratio. They have a genius bar where any consumer safekeeping a MAC product can bring their device to for assistance. The environment is alive and vibrant. These geniuses are the face of the company to the everyday employee and they are raised and bread by Apple. They are taught communication styles, they are integrated into the norms and values of the Apple brand and they execute a marketing and sales strategy that benefits the customers and the company.This is done through verbal communication, non-verbal communication and symbolic communication. The entire store is a symbol of Apple. The training manual for the Apple Genius explicitly trains the employees on nonverbal queues and communications to control each interaction (Biddle, 2012). Apple Inc. executives could teach a PhD level course in human behavior and how to influe nce. It. Just as with any other product or organization, saturation levels are pushed if we dont pay special attention to how we grow our business. In the early stages, Apple was more of a novelty and so could afford to hire like minds to mind their storefronts.Having to expand its numbers in an effort to combat other retailers for sales, Apple has had to let in a second tier of mildly interested individuals who would be just as happy works for Geek squad at BestBuy or any other tech driven retail outlet. The arrangement of first dibs and other benefits are now comparable to family discounts received throughout the malls. This is not only acceptable but it is a welcomed change in personnel type for Apple. The dictatorship can freely set plans for stores without worrying about everyone trying to become the next Steve Jobs.Part 2 police squad Analysis group up FormationThe team up assignment was posted to the module 3 team assignment, but did not clearly state who the teams were comprised of. In an effort to be proactive and to get started on creating a team, Jim reached out to the entire class to try and obtain volunteers to work as a team to slay the assignment. team up member volunteers netmailed Jim expressing their interest. Thirty minutes after his initial email, our team was organise. Initially the team consisted of Jim Fiorino, brownish-yellow Winters, Jason Shanks, Khari Clarendon, Kevin Connolly, and Michael Keys.Shortly after we formed this team, Dr. Kymn clarified team assignments and sent out communication to the class component to bring clarity to the assignment. Dr. Kymn honored our volunteer formed team, minus Kevin who had previously left our class. The team formed is a formal organization, working and communicating with each other according to standardized patterns recognizable by everyone (Greenwald, 2008) as students under the larger group we all belong to, the Empire State MBA program.The team survival process reflected our cours ework in our Human Systems and Behavior class, as well as earlier class work specifically Competing Values Framework (CVF). Our team has charged itself with finding the perfect balance to the 4 quadrants of the CVF, COLLABORATE, CREATE, cope and CONTROL. The entire team is a group of independent and busy individuals who are all focused on completing the assignment on time, and making sure that we all contribute equally to the assignment given. Team members agreed to be flexible and focused in this process with the ultimate goal in site, a advantageful organizational analysis.Organization Selection ProcessA list of companies was suggested via course email by Michael Keys and was sent to the team for consideration. The list included The Apple Store, Home Depot, Target, Macys, and Gap stores. Through email discussions, it was distinguishable by consensus that the group would analyze Apple stores. mike in the subprogram of team liaison, texted Dr. Kymn with our result, and our sele ction was approved. egotism managing teams are shaped as groups of workers assigned the responsibility for making decisions over the manner in which work will be carried out, setting schedules, assigning individuals to perform specific functions, and evaluating members performance (Greenwald, Organizations. Management Without Control, 2008). This is a dependable example of our team, we all need to manage our own time and make decisions that are going to expect the timelines discussed on our conference call and pick out the specific assignments (specific functions) described earlier.Team Roles and TasksRoles naturally defined themselves as our team members learned more about each other. Jims initial outreach to the entire class place him as our teams natural LEADER and PROJECT MANAGER. He was charged with keeping the team on task, on time and on topic. He also promoted positive and timely communication, key to the success of any organization. Our group by nature, is limited to strictly verbal/written communication in our realistic learning environment. This communication mode is characterized by use of words and numbers. Verbal communication has clear advantages over other modes for the exchange of deliberate messages. Transmission of data is always a verbal process (Greenwald, 2008). gold took on the role of EDITOR and PROOFREADER. A major challenge of the approach our team took to writing this musical theme was creating it in five voices. The role of editor is important to put the paper in one voice. She also is responsible for reviewing the paper of grammar and typos. The team members shared a few common roles. We all played the role of TEAM MEMBER, RESEARCHER and WRITER. By assigning sections to each team member, we were individually responsible for researching our portion. Following the compiling of our research, we were each independently responsible for writing our 2 page section.Team ResponsibilitiesAfter agreeing on the organization to analyze , Jim reached out to the team and we agreed to have a conference call on Sunday declination 9th to discuss next steps and to assign the work. Prior to the call Mike had sent out an email stating that he had already finish sections A & B of part 2, which was a big way to get everyone motivated on getting this assignment completed early.During the conference call, the work was split up among the team. Mike already completed A & B, Jason was assigned C & D, Khari was assigned E & F, and chromatic was assigned G. Jim volunteered to take all of part two, the team analysis. During this meeting it was agreed that all team members would try and write two pages on their sections to meet the minimum assignment target of ten pages if the content. We agreed that each of our sections were to be completed by Wednesday night and emailed to Jim all of our work can be consolidate and sent over to yellow-brown to allow her time to complete her part of the assignment. During this conference call we all agreed that we will shake up on Wednesday declination 12th, to make sure that we are all complete with our sections and to seek assistance if needed.Team OutcomesOur made organization, role structure and communication allowed our team to be productive and successful. There were no disagreements or conflict and we all agreed that we want to complete the assignment early, but be successful in doing so. The entire team worked collaboratively with good discussions through positive verbal communication. .All of us shared in ideas and agreed on a time commitment and schedule. People who are collaborative share the same objectives, mutual and equal contributions, and a sense of collectivity among the group, producing a work environment that is free of conflict and tightness (Cameron, Quinn, Degraff, & Thakor, 2006). Our two page sections were all emailed to our TEAM LEADER on time. He combined them and sent them to Amber for review and editing and for the summary to be completed . All team members met their obligations as agreed.Team AssessmentOur team can be defined as a high performance team. A high-performance team can be defined as a group of people with specific roles and complementary talents and skills, line up with and committed to a common purpose, which consistently show high levels of collaboration and innovation that produce superior results. (Hanlan, 2004). The high-performance team has individuals who are highly skilled and are able to interchange their roles and are flexible. Our team operated in this exact manner and had positive outcomes. By definition, this is a good description of our team. Teams that are successful translate their common purpose into specific, measurable, and realistic performance goals. Specific goals facilitate clear communication and help teams maintain their focus on obtaining results (Robbins & Judge, 2009).Our time lines that we discussed on the conference call set clear goals and challenged the group to make sure that we left enough time for Amber to review the work and complete her section. knotty goals have been found to raise the performance of team members especially to avoid letting down another(prenominal) member of the team (Robbins & Judge, 2009). Forming teams is almost always more productive than having people work by themselves (Cameron, Quinn, Degraff, & Thakor, 2006). This is very true when you have a team like ours that was very collaborative throughout the entire process. Because we were able to work independently, we are able to bring our own ideas to our assigned sections. Many new ideas come from individuals being given the time and resources and allowed to work apart from the normal activities of the organization (Cameron, Quinn, Degraff, & Thakor, 2006)Team GradeAs a team, we have agreed that our work qualifies for a minimum of an A-. We completed the project as assigned. It is our belief we met the challenge of this project by applying the tools of this class successfu lly. Through organization, structure, communication, role defining and proactivity, we were able to avoid conflict and complete this project on time and in good quality. Our established set of norms that exist within the alumnus structure of this class set a good base for the team members to start from. Our team led the class in team creation before the professor was able to clarify the approach. We consider ourselves leaders. We are sure the paper isnt perfect, no product from any working team is. But what it IS, is a successful compilation of teamwork.SUMMARYApple Inc. is a perfect company to analyze through the human behavior lens because their founders understood and structured their company with human behavior in mind. They considered their people and the behaviors that were desired, but they also pay close attention to the consumers and their behaviors. Jobs maintained a company by building a structure, culture, set of norms and values that fostered creativity. He was a geniu s of people and technology. Jobs did this at apple under 7 rules of success (his norms/values). regain one is passion, because most people fail because they dont love what they do. Rule number two is build a team of great people, success hinges on the ability to identify talent and the know how of building successful teams. Rule number three is vision. One must never lose sight of the big picture. Rule number four is creativity you have to think outside of the box in business and in practice. Rule number five is to learn to say no more often.Its all about the power of focus. Rule number six is help customers reach their dreams. If you dont solve a problem, if you dont accomplish a dream, you dont have a business. Finally, work on your marketing message (communication externally). Trumpet your success and deliver it in a way people want to hear about it. Dont be the norm or fill the status quo. (Gallo, 14 O) Steve Jobs says Apple is an incredible collaborative company. Did you know that? Do you by chance know how many committees they have at Apple? ZERO Teamwork is key to Apple. Teamwork, in monetary value of trusting that people that will deliver what they committed to without watching them all the time. Jobs set up a training environment that taught his people about people and how to interact with them and get them to achieve the desired result (sales).There is a cult like following not only because of the quality of product, but because of the great care the leaders at Apple took to create and maintain their company in a way that considers (and possibly manipulates) human behavior. Recommendations for Apple Inc. are a bit more complex. With Jobs passing, Tim Cook is just first to get his feet wet in running and driving the company. Consumers and employees have a high expectation for apple. In terms of structure and communication, roles and culture, it seems Apple is a leader.It will continue to be important for Apple to define that fine line between takin g advantage of their knowledge of human behavior and manipulating it for strictly gain. Their technology has also been a leader in the industry. However they have many competitors who are catching up and arguably, surpassing them. The question will be how so they stay ahead and keep their creative people happy. It may require a new out of the box thinking. With new leadership in Cook, it is apt(predicate) that there will be changes. He will have to establish himself with his people and his consumers who so love his predecessor.ReferencesCameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., Degraff, J., & Thakor, A. V. (2006). Competing Values Leadership. Northampton Edward Elgar Publishing. Greenwald, H. P. (2008). Organizations. Management Without Control. Thousand Oaks Sage. Hanlan, M. (2004). High Performance Teams. Westport Praeger Publishers. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2009). Organizational Behavior. Upper Saddle River Pearson Prentice Hall. All Things D. (2012, May 25). Mobile devices now make up about 20 percent of U.S. web traffice. Retrieved from AllthingsD.com http//allthingsd.com/20120525/mobile-devices-now-make-up-about-20-percent-of-u-s-web-traffic/ Apple. (2012, December 9). Apple Press Info. 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